Our new article in Refugee Survey Quarterly illustrates this by analysing data from Australia’s recently abolished Fast Track review process at the Immigration Assessment Authority (IAA). We found that the IAA was neither fair nor efficient, and resulted in a system that was both slow and unjust. These findings provide valuable lessons for the design and operation of Australia’s new Administrative Review Tribunal (ART) and other international reforms aimed at improving the efficiency of asylum review mechanisms. Ultimately, our research calls for a re-evaluation of the relationship between fairness and efficiency for asylum systems across the world, arguing that fairness enhances, rather than detracts from, efficiency. Procedural fairness—which includes safeguards such as the right to be heard and access to legal representation—is essential to ensuring that asylum claims are assessed effectively and efficiently.